Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS. Auct. T. 4. 13, fol. 132r — opening of Discourses IV.1, On Freedom, in Greek minuscule, 11th century

Discourses, Books I–II

Reading companion and full text of Epictetus: Discourses, Books I–II, translated by W. A. Oldfather — Loeb Classical Library volume 131, first published in 1925 by Harvard University Press and William Heinemann, presenting the first two of the four surviving books of Arrian's record of Epictetus's classroom teaching, with the original Greek on facing pages, notes, and a substantial introduction to the philosopher's life and thought.

Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS. Auct. T. 4. 13, fol. 132r — opening of Discourses IV.1, On Freedom, in Greek minuscule, 11th century

Discourses, Books III–IV · Encheiridion · Fragments

Reading companion and full text of Epictetus: Discourses, Books III–IV, with the Encheiridion and Fragments, translated by W. A. Oldfather — Loeb Classical Library volume 218, first published in 1928 by Harvard University Press and William Heinemann, completing the four surviving books of Arrian's record of Epictetus's teaching and adding the Encheiridion and the principal surviving fragments, with Greek text on facing pages and editorial notes throughout.

Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS. Auct. T. 4. 13, fol. 132r — opening of Discourses IV.1, On Freedom, in Greek minuscule, 11th century

A Selection from the Discourses, with the Encheiridion

Reading companion and full text of A Selection from the Discourses of Epictetus, with the Encheiridion, translated by George Long — drawn from Long's complete 1877 translation and presented here in the 1890 G. P. Putnam's Sons edition, gathering the most essential of the surviving discourses alongside the complete Encheiridion, the brief handbook of Stoic principles that Arrian distilled from his teacher's classroom and that has never ceased to be read.

Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vat. gr. 1950, fol. 341r — opening of the Meditations of Marcus Aurelius, 14th century

Meditations

Reading companion and full text of the Meditations of Marcus Aurelius, translated by George Long and introduced by W. L. Courtney, in the Blackie and Son edition — twelve books of private philosophical notes written in Koine Greek by the Roman Emperor during the last decade of his life, never intended for publication, and representing the most intimate record of Stoic practice in the ancient world.

Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vat. gr. 1950, pt. 2, fol. 542r — opening of De motu animalium, 14th century

Parts of Animals · Movement of Animals · Progression of Animals

Reading companion and full text of Aristotle's Parts of Animals, Movement of Animals, and Progression of Animals (Loeb Classical Library 323), translated by A. L. Peck and E. S. Forster — three of Aristotle's major biological treatises: the first an enquiry into the bodily parts of animals and the teleological principles that govern their design, the second a short but philosophically rich analysis of the causes of animal locomotion in general, and the third a systematic study of how different kinds of animals actually move.

Title page of Vol. 8 of 1872's fourth edition, where Chapter LXVII is located.

History of Greece

Chapter LXVII of George Grote's monumental History of Greece — examining the flowering of Athenian drama alongside the rise of rhetoric, dialectics, and the Sophist movement.