Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vat. gr. 1950, fol. 341r — opening of the Meditations of Marcus Aurelius, 14th century

Meditations

Reading companion and full text of the Meditations of Marcus Aurelius, translated by George Long and introduced by W. L. Courtney, in the Blackie and Son edition — twelve books of private philosophical notes written in Koine Greek by the Roman Emperor during the last decade of his life, never intended for publication, and representing the most intimate record of Stoic practice in the ancient world.

Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS. Auct. F. 1. 15, fol. 5r — Boethius, De consolatione philosophiae, with commentary and gloss, late 10th century, Canterbury, St. Augustine's Abbey

The Theological Tractates · The Consolation of Philosophy

Reading companion and full text of Boethius: The Theological Tractates and The Consolation of Philosophy (Loeb Classical Library 74), the Tractates translated by H. F. Stewart and E. K. Rand, the Consolation in the English translation of 'I. T.' (1609) revised by H. F. Stewart — the five opuscula sacra that attempt to reconcile Platonic philosophy with Christian theology, and the work Boethius composed in prison awaiting execution, which became the most widely read philosophical text of the medieval millennium.

Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vat. lat. 1848, fol. 1r — incipit page of Livy's Third Decade, illuminated by Bartolomeo della Gatta, Rome, c. 1475–1480

Ab Urbe Condita, Volume XII: Books 40–42

Reading companion and full text of Livy's Ab Urbe Condita, Volume XII (Books 40–42), translated by Evan T. Sage and A. C. Schlesinger — the final years of Philip V, the accession of Perseus, and the opening moves of the Third Macedonian War.

Vat. gr. 124, f. 1r. Opening of Polybius, Histories Book I, with ornamental title panel (ΠΟΛΥΒΙΟΥ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΩΝ Α) and decorated initial. Constantinople, 10th century. Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana.

Histories

Reading companion for the Histories of Polybius, covering Rome's rise to Mediterranean dominance from the First Punic War to the destruction of Carthage.

Fol. 1r of BSB Cod.graec. 639: the opening page of Josephus's Bellum Judaicum. The parchment is heavily worn and damaged, but the text is identifiable as the Proem (Preface) of the work.

The Jewish War

Reading companion for Bellum Judaicum — Josephus's eyewitness account of the Jewish revolt against Rome and the destruction of the Second Temple.

Manuscript of Cornelius Tacitus Annals (Plut. 68.1) at the Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Florence — 11th century (1001–1100).

Annals

Reading companion for the Annals of Tacitus, covering the Julio-Claudian dynasty from the death of Augustus to the reign of Nero.