Rhetoric

Papyrus Oxyrhynchus VII 1016 (P.Oxy. VII 1016), held at the Toledo Museum of Art (object no. 1915.38, gift of Edward Drummond Libbey), is a Greek papyrus excavated at Al-Bahnasa (ancient Oxyrhynchus), Egypt, dating to the mid-3rd century CE. It consists of four joined sheets measuring approximately 27.5 × 57.9 cm overall, written in India ink on papyrus. The reverse (Oxyrhynchus no. 1016) preserves six columns of the introduction to Plato's Phaedrus (sections 233c–234b and 242d–244c), covering the opening scene (227a–230e) in which Socrates meets Phaedrus outside the walls of Athens, and the two make their way to the banks of the Ilissus to discuss a speech by the orator Lysias on love and rhetoric. The obverse (Oxyrhynchus no. 1044) contains a tax list dated to 235 CE. Published by Arthur Hunt in volume VII of The Oxyrhynchus Papyri (1910).

Phaedrus

Reading companion and full text of Plato's Phaedrus, a Socratic dialogue exploring the nature of love, the immortality and structure of the soul, the requirements of true rhetoric, and the limits of written discourse.

Title page of Vol. 8 of 1872's fourth edition, where Chapter LXVII is located.

History of Greece

Chapter LXVII of George Grote's monumental History of Greece — examining the flowering of Athenian drama alongside the rise of rhetoric, dialectics, and the Sophist movement.