Lithograph portrait of Jakob Burckhardt, Antistes of Basel, published by H. Fischer & Co., Basel, c. 1854.

History of Greek Culture

Jacob Burckhardt's magisterial survey of ancient Greek civilization, examining its art, religion, politics, and poetry as expressions of a unified cultural spirit that set the foundations of Western thought.

Photographic portrait of Numa Denis Fustel de Coulanges.

The Ancient City: A Study on the Religion, Laws and Institutions of Greece and Rome

Fustel de Coulanges's landmark study tracing the origins of Greek and Roman civic life to their religious foundations, arguing that the ancient city was shaped above all by sacred rites, ancestor worship, and the domestic hearth.